Khees-xaws Mis (Breast Cancer)

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers, especially in women, but men can develop it too. It happens when cells in the breast grow uncontrollably, forming a lump or mass. Breast cancer incidence among Hmong American women is generally lower compared to other racial/ethnic groups. However, Hmong women are more likely to present with advanced-stage breast cancer at diagnosis. The good news is that when caught early, breast cancer can be treated successfully.

What Causes Breast Cancer?

The exact cause of breast cancer isn’t always clear, but some factors can increase the risk, including:

• Being female (although men can get breast cancer too)

• Aging (risk increases with age)

• Family history of breast cancer

• Certain gene mutations (like BRCA1 and BRCA2)

• Hormonal changes or hormone therapy

• Obesity and lack of exercise

• Alcohol use

Having one or more of these risk factors does not mean you will get breast cancer, but it’s important to be aware of them.

Signs and Symptoms

Breast cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms right away, but common warning signs include:

• A lump in the breast or underarm

• Swelling or thickening in part of the breast

• Changes in breast size or shape

• Skin changes, such as redness or dimpling

• Nipple changes, like discharge or pulling inward

If you notice any of these signs, see a doctor as soon as possible. Finding breast cancer early makes treatment more effective.

Possible Complications

If left untreated, breast cancer can spread to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, bones, or brain. This makes treatment more difficult. Some treatments may also cause side effects, including fatigue, hair loss, or weakened immunity, but doctors can help manage them.

How Is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?

Doctors use several methods to check for breast cancer, including:

• Mammogram: An X-ray of the breast that can detect cancer early.

• Breast ultrasound or MRI: Additional imaging tests to examine lumps or abnormal areas.

• Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is taken and tested for cancer cells.

Treatment Options

The right treatment depends on the type and stage of breast cancer. Common treatments include:

• Surgery: Removing the tumor or, in some cases, the entire breast (mastectomy).

• Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.

• Chemotherapy: Using medication to kill cancer cells, often before or after surgery.

• Hormone therapy: Blocking hormones that help certain cancers grow.

• Targeted therapy: Newer drugs that attack cancer cells while sparing healthy ones.

Reducing Your Risk

While breast cancer can’t always be prevented, there are ways to lower your risk:

• Get regular screenings. Mammograms can detect cancer before symptoms appear.

• Stay active. Exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and hormone balance.

• Eat a balanced diet. Choose fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while limiting alcohol.

• Know your family history. If breast cancer runs in your family, talk to your doctor about genetic testing.

Conclusion

Breast cancer is serious, but early detection and treatment can save lives. Paying attention to changes in your body, getting regular screenings, and making healthy lifestyle choices can all help protect you. If you have concerns about breast cancer, talk to your doctor about the best steps for you.

References:

• American Cancer Society: What Is Breast Cancer?

• UpToDate: Breast Cancer - The Basics